Personal Data Protection Act 2010 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3157 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Intro of PDPA Regulation of the processing, use and disclosure of the personal data in our country, Malaysia has been a subject of the interest as well as hot debate topic started since the late of 1990s. Even though the use, disclosure and processing of personal data in the certain industries, for example the banking and also finance, telecommunications industries as well as healthcare, is regulated and controlled by the some industry-specific legislation, but there has not been any about data protection legislation of the general application in our country Malaysia until 2010. There are several data protection legislation have been drafted and proposed over these years, which including the proposed of Data Protection Bill 2001 as well as the Data Protection Bill 1998, but none of these came to the fruition. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personal Data Protection Act 2010" essay for you Create order Then, a new Personal Data Protection Act 2010 known as PDPA has recently finally enacted successfully due to the serious increasing need to curb those unauthorised use of the personal data in our country, Malaysia. The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 was passed through Malaysian Parliament in month of May 2010 while received the Royal Assent on date 2 June 2010 and then legislations will be come into operation on date which appointed by minister of Information Communications and Culture with notification in Gazette. The Personal Data Protection purposely to protect and safeguard personal data by requiring those data user to comply with some certain obligations as well as conferring some certain rights to the data subject which in relation to his personal data. Reason of PDPA enactment Malaysia, after such a long wait, finally (PDPA) Personal Data Protection Act 2010 has finally been passed and came into fruition. PDPA 2010 actually seeks to regulate and control the proc essing of the personal data of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s involved in the commercial transactions by the data users so as to safeguard and provide protection to individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal data, by that safeguarding the interests of individual. The passing and enactment of the PDPA is timely, in order for the information can be transferred as well as transmitted seamlessly and that sometimes, effortlessly. As we know, from the traditional snail mail to those social networking tool like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tweet-ingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , personal and often such vital and very important information of individuals can now be very easily shared just with a click perhaps. New technologies nowadays and the flow of changing market trends are big contributing to the increasingly important role of the information in this global market economy. Such information, in particular the personal data of the individuals which involved in the commercial transactions, has come into a valuable commod ity. Last but not least, such legislation to protect and safeguard personal data has been enacted and applied in jurisdictions such as Canada, European Union, New Zealand and Hong Kong. The Act in PDPA is similar to legislation which enacted in those countries. Comparison with Foreign Statutes There has been much expectation on the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PDPAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) as it would be the legislation in Malaysia which handles with the protection of personal data. The Act was enacted and passed in 2010 and was recently published on the newspaper on 15th November 2013. It should be noted that the principles of data protection laws included in the PDPA are quite identical to the principles in other jurisdictions such as the UK and Singapore. The PDPA handles to any personal data processed in Malaysia or is planned to be processed in Malaysia regarding commercial transactions by any person settled in Malaysia or person who is not settled in M alaysia but applies the equipment in Malaysia and the desire is not to transit through Malaysia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Commercial transactionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  under the PDPA is defined as any transaction of a commercial nature which contains swap of goods or services, agency, investments, financing, banking and insurance but does not contain a credit reporting business. Credit reporting business such as CTOS explorations would not be classified as a commercial transaction under the Act. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Personal Dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  under the PDPA seems to be adequately broad to protect the common types of personal information gathered in day to day transactions for instance; name, address, telephone number, email address, banking details and identification card numbers. However, as mentioned, the information has to be related to commercial transactions. As contrast with the UK DPA 1998 as the act emphasis on the capability to classify an individual relies partially on the data held an d partially on other information, the data adhered will still be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The definition also particularly contains views about the individual, or what is intended for them. Hence, we can assume that UK act does cover generally on the definition of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Personal Dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. PDPA 2010 regulates the data by processing of personal data under the virtue of the section 5 and there are seven principles in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Processingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of personal data includes collecting, recording, holding or storing the personal data or carrying out any operation or set of operations on the personal data which includes: i) organisation, adaptation or alteration; ii) retrieval, consultation or use; iii) disclosure by transmission, transfer, dissemination, or otherwise making available; iv) alignment, combination, correction, erasure or destruction. The PDPA does not apply to non-commercial transactions, the Feder al and State Governments of Malaysia nor does it apply to any personal data processed outside Malaysia. Whereas in United kingdom, the legislation regulating personal data and processing personal information will have several ways in determining it and the Directive and the DPA protect two usual categories of information: information processed, or intended to be processed, fully or partially by electronic means; and information processed alternatively than by automatic means which form part of, or are intended to form part of, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"applicable filing systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In most circumstances it will be a relatively straight forward task to determine: (a) whether the information is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for the purposes of the DPA; and (b) whether the information in question relates to anà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"identifiable individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and consequently, to determine whether à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is being processe d. Furthermore,the DPA introduces two more types of manual processing of information which, if the information relates to an identifiable individual, will involve processing of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. These extra categories of processing are implemented in the DPA definition of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and involve: processing information as part of an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"accessible recordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢; and processing recorded information held by a public authority. Sensitive data Under the Act, a difference has been classified between à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sensitive personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sensitive personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ any personal data consisting of information as to the physical or mental health or condition of a data subject, his political opinions, his religious beliefs or other beliefs of a similar nature, the commission or alleged commission by him of any offence or any other personal data as the Minister may determine by order published in the Gazetteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[1] Any revelation of sensitive personal data must be done in accordance with s.40 of the Act, which wishes a data user to be more cautious in processing sensitive personal data. Due to the attributes of sensitive personal data, a greater limits is imposed for data users in processing it. A data user must not process sensitive personal data unless with the clear permission of the data subject. While à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢clear permissionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is not defined in the Act, arguably, the data subject should be mandatory to provide his exact and precise permission to the processing of his sensitive personal data. However the requirement for precise permission from the data subject, The Act also grants the processing of sensitive personal data where it is illustrated under section 40 of the Pers onal Data Protection Act 2010.While the United Kingdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Data Protection Act 1998 stated that whereby Sensitive personal data means personal data consisting of information as to (a) the racial or ethnic origin of the data subject, (b) his political opinions, (c) his religious beliefs or other beliefs of a similar nature, (d) Whether he is a member of a trade union (within the meaning of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992), (e) his physical or mental health or condition, (f) his sexual life, (g) the commission or alleged commission by him of any offence, or (h) any proceedings for any offence committed or alleged to have been committed by him, the disposal of such proceedings or the sentence of any court in such proceedings.[2] The classification of sensitive personal data in United kingdom are widely drafted so that, for example, information that someone has a broken hand is categorized as sensitive personal data, even though such information is comparatively matter of fact and clear to anyone seeing the individual regarding with their leg in plaster and using crutches. Obviously, features about an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mental health, for example, are basically much more à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sensitiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  than whether they have a broken hand. Religion or race, or both, can always be understood with changing degrees of credence from dress or name. For instance, many surnames are identified with a specific race or religion, or both, and may assume the race and religion of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, it would be ridiculous to take all such names as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sensitive personal dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which would mean that to clench such names on customer databases you had to fulfill a situation for processing sensitive personal data. However, if you processed such names particularly because they represented race or religion, for instance to deliver commerce materials for goods and services intended at individuals of that race or religion, then you will be processing sensitive personal data. In any affair, you must beware when making presumptions about individuals as you could be compiling incorrect personal data. Hence, regards to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sensitive dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Malaysia shares the same view with the United Kingdom. Case Analysis In the case of H( A Healthcare Worker) v Associated Newspapers Limited [2002] EWCA Civ 195, the applicant, H had been a health care worker, but was no longer working and he had diagnosed HIV positive. H commenced an action against his previous employer, N seeking a declaration that the notification was contrary to the Data Protection Act and an injunction to prohibit N from obtaining the records. He had obtained an order under the rules to protect his identity within the proceedings. The court held that the order against the newspaper obtained as part of the first action, but the new spaper was restricted to publish anything which might reveal his identification directly or indirectly. [3]In this case, the judge states that the identity of the patient shall be well protected, it shall be very privacy and must be confidential. This case clearly shows that the information of data detail of the patient shall not be publish direct or indirectly. In the case of Douglas v Hello! [2003] EWHC 786 (Ch), a claim for breach of confidence, breach of Data Protection Act 1998 and breach of Article 8 as a consequence of the unauthorized publication against Hello! of the wedding prototroph of Mr and Mrs Douglas. The defendant taken without consent and the exclusive right to photograph the wedding had previously been sold to a rival magazine, Ok. The court states that the defendant is taken to be a data controller by which the unauthorized pictures represent personal data and the publication in England is considered as part of the operations covered by the requirement of the Act. [4]In other words, a data controller shall be responsible for the publication of the data which he is no authorized to publish yet. Meanwhile, a data controller shall be responsible for the publication of the copies which reproduce data that has previously been processed. In this case, the defendant does not has the right to take photograph on the wedding and the unauthorized publish shall be considered as in breach of the data protection act. Based on this case, it is well to be said that there is a need and how important of the act shall be come into force, so that the personal data have a safeguard to protect it. According to the case of Lord Ashcroft v Attorney- general Department for International Development [2002] EWHC 1122(QB), There are articles published in newspaper on 1999 and 2000 revealed confidential and sensitive personal information about Lord Ashcroft. The information which contained in documents leaked from the Foreign Office and the second defendant. The issue in this case is whether the Data Protection Act 1984 provided a private law remedy in damages for the leak of the document in breach of the data protection principle. The court held that the private law right to damages conferred by the act would be allowed only to the extent that it sought damages under the section for the disclosure of document. [5]As under this case, it clearly show that the data protection act could only be invoke where there is an actual infringe or publish of the document or data which would be defamatory toward someone. In the case of Campbell v MGN Ltd (QBD) [2002] EWHC 499 (QB), the claimant was photographed of a Narcotics Anonymous (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“NAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) meeting and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  published an articles consist of the photographs of her with the other attendeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s of the meetingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s faces pixilated to protect their identities. The articles with headline read à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Naomi: I m a drug addictà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and consist of information relating to Ms Campbellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s treatment for drug addiction, including the number of NA meeting she had attended. The claimant claimed damages for breach of confidentiality and compensation for the articles and subsequent ones published by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  under s 13 of Data Protection Act 1998. The claimant states that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was entitled to publish that she was a drug addict and the fact that she was having therapy but the information of therapy being obtained through NA and the detail of her attendance at meeting shall be private and confidential. The court held that the defendant may publish the articles as consent by the claimant by which she is having drug addict and receiving her therapy. But the defendant shall not obtained and publish the detail of the attendance and the therapy without consent of the claimant, the detail of the claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attendance at NA shall be confidential. [6]Therefore, the claimant was entitle dot the remedy for the disclosure of the detail of her treatment. By refer to this case, a person is permit to publish the contents which is consent by someone and prohibited to publish any personal data which may lower the dignity of someone. Cases after the emforcement of Data Protection Act 1998, United Kingdom. In Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd[7] ,the claimant, Naomi Campbell, the well known supermodel has sued the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Newspaper Group Ltd over the allegations contained in the articles that she was addicted to drug and was engaging the in the meeting of Narcotics Anonymous. The article comes with a photo which shows that she was leaving Narcotics Anonymous. However, source of the newspapers information was not revealed. The fact that MsCampbell is addicted to drug has never been disclosed by any social media. In fact she used to tell the media that she would be someone whom forever immune from drug despite their prevalence in modeling industry. MsCampbell claimed damages for breach of confidence, alleging that her right to privacy contained in Art8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) outweighed the newspapers right to freedom of expression contained in Art 10. She also sought compensation for a breach of the Data Protection Act 1988 (UK). One of the issue was whether she can claim for her right to privacy under Data Protection Act 1998. There are three requirements laid down in the data protection principle under s4 of the Data Protection Act 1998 (UK) .The processing must have been fair, lawful, and only carried out if at least one of the conditions in Schedule2 was met, and in the case of sensitive personal data. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  newspaper had contravened the Act. The exemption contained in s32 where data is processed only for the special purposes and with a view to publication only applies prior to publication and has no application once publication has taken place. The court has uphold the claim and held that details of MsCampbells attendance at Narcotics Anonymous had the necessary quality of confidence to sustain an action for breach of confidence , one of the reason is that photographs were capabl e of having the quality of confidence, and had that quality in this case. Court further strengthen that those who deliberately court publicity are also deserve to have privacy in their life and and should be respected by the media unless there exists an overriding public interest consistent with Art10(2). Therefore, MsCambell has been awarded to aggravated damages of  £1000, for the additional distress suffered by the newspapers conduct, following the publication of the article. In case of Edem v Information Commissioner[8], thefirst defendant decline to order the disclosure or the names of three members of the staff of the second defendant Financial Services Authority in response to an information request by the claimant. Nevertheless, the claimant appealed on grounds including that the names of the employees were notpersonal dataand it would not be possible to find them. The issue here now was whether the disclosure of the names of the officials could be withhel d on the basis that they were personal dataand that disclosure of that information would contravene the first principle of Part 1 ofSch 1to theData Protection Act 1998. The court has dismissed the appeal and held that to disclose the names of the three individuals would be to disclose theirpersonal data. In the case of Kjo v Xim[9], the claimant forged a will of his maternal grandmother. Later on, he pleaded guilty as his action was being detected and being sentenced to nine months imprisonment. After that, he moved and lived in Hong Kong. He was dogged for a long time by communications sent to various employers, potential employers and official bodies by his motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brother, the defendant, informing them of his conviction and sentence for forgery. The claimant alleged that that only came to his attention and the end of 2008, as the defendant had been at pains to conceal what he had been up too. The claimant has applied an injunction against the defendant to restrain him from communicating any further information about the 1992 conviction. His ground was there could be no legitimate purpose served by the defendant continuing his campaign. Subsequently, he applied for summary judgment based onData Protection Act 1998. The issue was whether summary judgment ought to be entered in favor of claimant on data protection claim based on Data Protection Act 1998 The court dismissed claimantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application as there had not been sufficient evidence of intention on the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s part. There was also no basis upon which the court could at the instant stage grant summary judgment. [1] Section 40 of the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 [2] United Kingdom Data Protection Act 1998 [3] https://swarb.co.uk/h-a-healthcare-worker-v-associated-newspapers-limited-ca-27-feb-2002/ [4] https://www.1cor.com/1315/?form_1155.replyids=576 [5] https://www.5rb.com/case/lord-ashcroft-v-attorney-general-department-for-international-development/ [6] https://www.5rb.com/case/campbell-v-mgn-ltd-qbd/ [7] (2002)54 IPR 645 [8] [2 014] EWCA Civ 92 [9] [2011] EWHC 1768 (QB)

Nationwide Smoking Ban Smoking Should be Banned in All...

The effects of second-hand smoke have been well-known for decades; in fact, the Surgeon General warned the public about its dangers in 1972 (Schick Glantz, 2005). Do people knowingly have the right to put others’ health at risk? No, they do not. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a public health risk. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places, nationwide. There has been no attempt to impose a national smoking ban by the U.S. government. All current bans are in place because of state and local legislation. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights lists the various state and local smoking laws that have emerged since the 1980s, and the regulations vary greatly (2010). This is extremely confusing. Some states have strict smoking bans†¦show more content†¦A parent wanting to take a child bowling or an asthmatic wishing to attend a professional hockey game would be out of luck in Missouri since those areas are not subject to public smoking bans. Lenient states like Missouri may be impeding national legislation for a federal smoking ban. These states may be scared of smoking bans because of the fears of local business owners. What they may not realize, though, is that a national smoking ban would eliminate many of these fears. Currently, the lack of a federal law means that states or regions wishing to impose bans have to worry about the impact on businesses. In 2007, Minnesota imposed a very strict state-wide smoking ban (Zdechlik, 2007).This is good, right? The problem is that the neighboring states did not have smoking bans at the time. Some bar owners feared that the bans would hurt their businesses (Erickson, n.d.). While any ban is better than none, a nation-wide ban is most effective for everyone. Another concern of local business owners is that patrons will simply stop going out in inclement or snowy weather if they have to smoke outside (Erickson, n.d.). Like most problems, however, it can be overcome with a little creativity and innovation. One bar manager stated that they planned on â€Å"building a patio and erecting a shelter to protect smokers from wind and rain† (Erickson,Show MoreRelatedSmoking Bans Should Be Banned2047 Words   |  9 PagesIf all smokers in the United States stopped smoking in 2006, 2.8 million premature deaths would be prevented between then and 2025 (Kliff). Also, the money spent on health would decrease by $211 billion in that same time period (Kliff). The health benefits of smoking bans are unquestionable, but the other aspects of it are arguable. A popular belief is that restaurants who ban smoking will receive a considerably lesser amount of money than restaurants that do not ban smoking because smokers willRead More Cigarette Smoking i s a Costly and Deadly Habit! Essay2014 Words   |  9 Pages Abstract Cigarette smoking is the greatest preventable cause of disease and premature death in the United States. Secondhand smoke causes numerous lung cancer deaths annually. Measures have been taken in both workplaces and public places to limit exposure to secondhand smoke. The economic cost of smokers to society is phenomenal- it includes monetary costs, lost workdays and shortened work lives. Many states are establishing and maintaining comprehensive tobacco-control programs to reduce tobaccoRead MoreUnited States Should Adapt Tobacco Free Policies On Their University School Grounds Essay2507 Words   |  11 PagesDid you know, smoking causes more than† 440,000 deaths† per year? (â€Å"Effects of Tobacco† 1). That is an overwhelming number of deaths that could be prevented if only the individuals did not use tobacco. As of 2008, East Tennessee State University has adopted a tobacco-free policy for not only the safety of students, but their overall mental and physical h ealth as well. That policy has been increasing on college campuses at a nationwide level. As of 2009, the American College Health Association adoptedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2575 Words   |  11 Pagesconsidered when making such a large federal decision. Even with the numerous benefits marijuana has to offer, it is still classified as illegal in most states. Considering marijuana’s many medical and economic values it should be legalized for all purposes. Additionally, other drugs should be considered for legalization under federal law due to the benefits that decriminalization has proven to hold. Medical marijuana is not a new development. It has been discovered that civilizations as early as 8000Read MoreThe Roaring Twenties And The Jazz Age1766 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roaring Twenties Daily Life The 1920s were called the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† or the â€Å"Jazz Age† in North America, the â€Å"Golden Age Twenties† in Europe and â€Å"Annà ©es folles† by French speakers all because this era was a period of sustained economic prosperity with emphasis in each name of the era’s social, artistic and cultural change. A time when there was a revolution in almost every part of daily human life where more and more people were moving from the countryside to the city in search of wealthRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay1973 Words   |  8 Pagesbother President Obama. Users should not be locked up for long stretches because they are poor and lack the resources to hire a decent lawyer. (Chokshi)Colorado on January 1, 2014, legalized the sale of recreational marijuana. Washington state will begin selling recreational marijuana later this spring. California is ready to introduce a statewide referendum to legalize marijuana in 2014. California’s Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom feels pot (marijuana) should be legal in the Golden State. Read MoreThe Effective And Humane Method Of Capital Punishment2442 Words   |  10 PagesIn 1790, Thomas Bird became the first person to be executed under the United States Constitution. Convicted of murder and piracy, Bird was publically hanged, all for the slim cost of five dollars and fifty cents—for the construction of a gallows and a coffin. Since then, the U.S. state and federal governments have executed thousands of people by various methods. First introduced in 1608, numerous of methods have been practiced in the history of the American colonies and the United States, but onlyRead MoreCoke Ethical Issues4934 Wor ds   |  20 Pagesservice because it encourages people to take in more and more liquids. - Michael Douglas Ivester, Coke’s Chairman and CEO. Public schools are funded by the public to educate the children as provided by state law. It is totally inappropriate that its facilities and employees are being used by corporations to increase their own profits on public time and with public dollars. Dr. Brita Butler-Wall, Executive Director, Citizens Campaign for Commercial-Free Schools, US. THE RECALL Read MoreBusiness Ethics6288 Words   |  26 Pagestheir restaurants: There are the Heavy Users (about 72% of customers, who eat at their restaurants once or twice a week), and the SUPER Heavy Users (about 22% of customers, who eat McDonald s three or more times a week An Inconvenient Truth (All Gore) Maatschappelijke invloed An Inconvenient Truth en het bezoek van Al Gore in 2006 heeft veel invloed gehad op het klimaatbewustzijn in de wereld. Bijvoorbeeld Tony Blair en Jan Peter Balkenende lieten zich inspireren door de film.[3] OokRead MoreUnit 8: Promoting Health and Well Being Essay15634 Words   |  63 Pagesphysical health. You need to eat healthy food, try not to eat too much junk food, do exercise, for example you can walk at least 30 minutes at day, sleep and rest enough, the time that a person should sleep is at least 8 hours for day. Being physically active not only helps prevent lung cancer in the first place, but it look like improve survival and quality of life for those already diagnosed, this is why physical health is relate with my project as is important that individuals know about it. Intellectually

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Personal Statement Writer and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Personal Statement Writer and How to Avoid It What to Expect From Personal Statement Writer? Our private statement writers would love to present a set of private statement examples for your reference. In case you have any particular requirements for your private statement writer, like mentioning specific experiences, it will be accomplished! Our company would be thrilled to help you with some expert editing on your own personal statement essay. One is at the decision of the introduction. When writing your own private announcement, make sure to remain concentrated. If you don't have a time for writing your statement or you're confused about the content, we're here to aid you. When you haven't written one before, you should begin by reading our tips about how to compose a personal statement. Perhaps it is possible to find a sample statement on a blog that offers you tips on the best way to go about it but here is a tip. Life, Death and Personal Statement Writer Statements are used by business owners so as to monitor their institution's business operations from time to time. Income statements, as an example, are meant to give info about a provider's financial status or performance over a specific time frame. Every sentence has to be very specific and to-the-point. Learn how to write as if you're the man or woman to read it so you're able to say what you mean with less ambiguity. All personal statements should be tailored into the part question. They should be tailored to the role in question. On Timewise Jobs, you also enter your private statement at the peak of your profile form. Your own personal statement' is the quick overview of your key abilities and experience that you ought to put at the surface of your CV. A personal profile statement is a critical part of your CV, and it's a brief statement outlining your own personal characteristics. A personal statement on your CV is a fantastic way to provide your work application extra effects. So How About Personal Statement Writer? It is possible to use your private statement to spell out and pay attention to your career's success before taking your break. Hence, it needs to be taken seriously. Shocking your readers isn't always what you have to attract their attention. All our writers pass an appreciable procedure to check out their abilities. They will always stay in touch with you, so you can ask questions about the writing process and send supplementary information that should be used in your writing. Personal Statement Writer - Dead or Alive? It can be hard to know what things to open with in your private statement before getting to the meat of it. It can be hard to begin with your private statement, but don't panic. The things which you omit from your own personal statement can be equally as vital as the situations you include. Regardless of the difficulty, such a statement should always be taken seriously. The True Meani ng of Personal Statement Writer Where it's possible, try to reveal the effect your actions have made. For that reason, it's vital to be clear and adhere to the demands. Personal statements typically include an individual's qualities, qualifications, together with experiences and goals. You shouldn't underestimate the significance of personal statements and do your very best to ensure it is perfect. Try to remember, your personal statement is meant to sell yourself. The personal statement isn't a confessional booth. A long and boring statement isn't going to have the ability to pull in the readers. The Battle Over Personal Statement Writer and How to Win It Personal statement is a substantial portion of an application. It is an important part of any application. Your own personal statement is able to help you amend your application in the event you get a very low average. It is the only document that will differentiate you from the rest of the candidates. Personal State ment Writer - Overview As you continue your research about how to compose a personal statement for a resume, it's important you know a great deal of the advice' out there's poor. In the event our writer fails to deliver a paper you've ordered or there are different explanations for why you're completely not happy with the order, we'll refund you the complete amount you paid for the paper. Your writer will get in contact with you to show you a draft of your paper so that you may give your feedback. In the very first circumstance, a skilled writer produces a distinctive and excellent autobiography from scratch, using your answers to some questions. The Downside Risk of Personal Statement Writer Professional on my mother is crucial to restart ee. Similar to any other writing, personal statements must adhere to the rules and guidelines of excellent writing. Whatever They Told You About Personal Statement Writer Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Personal Statement will do just fine. As a personal statement indicates the academic progress and the future aims of the student it should be brief, which means any unnecessary information ought to be avoided. Your own private statement should be tailored to each application you're submitting. A teaching personal statement needs to be in a position to inform readers about your assets in addition to your reasons why you need to be considered among the other applicants. Type of Personal Statement Writer The folks who review your individual statement might not have sufficient time to go over whatever you write, so attempt to keep it short, simply to be on the safe side. Keep in mind, your statement is intended to advertise yourself. Your own personal statement is among the key things universities will appear at when deciding whether to provide you a place. If a winning personal statement is what you're looking for, then you have arrived at the perfect location. The 5-Minute Rule for Personal Statement Writer Whe n ordering our private statement help, you may rest assured you are not just getting a dependable writing assistance, but in addition premium superior customer service and support. Find out more about our services and make the best decision by taking into account a personal statement is the most important portion of your application approach. If you are thinking about using personal statement assistance, know what things to expect first. Our private statement service will ensure safety and it is going to safeguard your money. Personal statement is the procedure of highlighting your strengths and flaws. A personal statement on your CV is a great approach to provide your work program extra outcomes. The student personal statement for college is not an exception, and that means you ought to be ready to devote an entire bunch of time and efforts in order to have a positive outcome. It is not an exception, so you should be ready to spend a lot of time and efforts in order to recei ve a positive result.

Political Leadership and Collective Goods †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Political Leadership and Collective Goods. Answer: Introduction This reflective report discusses the concepts of leadership along with leadership theories and models. It also shows the self-awareness tools such as MBIT and SWOT that is significant to evaluate the personality of an individual. This report presents the suggestion for future development. In last, it discusses the action plan to improve the weaknesses. I increased my leadership skills to my last workplace where I worked as a leader. I also understood that team leader can inspire the team member through motivation and addressing the feasible tools. I learned that a leader can refine vision which is implied by each member of the team individually and collectively to have ownership. In the current period, I worked as a leader wherein I analyzed my short coming. I will acknowledge to my weakness where needed. I will positively influence team member to perform activities on behalf of my orders. I also work on my issues that will need at the time of performing as a leader in the team. As well, I also support to my team member to do the same. I gained my knowledge about the ways to motivate the team members by using example and excitement. It is because, in case, leader fully aware of responsibilities then it can sometimes easier to obtain the effective result. I also gain my knowledge about leadership concepts it will support to increase my self-awareness. I understood that leadership is an authority of control the group about the accomplishments of a specified goal. Furthermore, I analyzed that leadership can be determined as a procedure where one person holds the supremacy to lead team member for attaining the objectives determined by the team or company (Shapiro, et al., 2016). A leader can be a person that inspires the other and lead the performance as well as behaviors of other. I also analyzed that instruction of leaders are followed by other due to their influencing personality. A leader can play an imperative role to build collaboration among the team to accomplish the objectives decided. An individual can become an effective leader consequently of this personality traits and approval of the team members. I also learned that a leader can be born or developed. I observed that many authors explained that a leader has birth quality wh ile other say that an effective leader is developed by offering him adequate training (Klenke, 2016). Leadership cannot possible in lack of followers (Sanders, 2017). Moreover, I observed that understanding about the leadership can support to improve my personality as well as a leadership style. Additionally, leaders have some characteristics that make different from other and influence to other to follow their instruction such as personality traits, personality traits, knowledge and experience, and formal authority. It is analyzed that, effective leadership is compulsory in a company because the leadership can lead the performance of workforce and inspire them that help to attain specified objectives of an organization (Lussier, et al., 2015). Knowledge of leadership models and theories I created my knowledge about the leadership models and theories. It can be supportive to make a transactional and transformational plan. I will use both transactional and transformational plan to perform the activity in future due to a reliable result. I improved my strength and weakness after the completion of the lecture. It will help to become transparent in the upcoming period. As a leader, I need to constantly learn new factors that can influence the leadership to influence a large number of people. My action plan to meet my upcoming leadership objectives are valid, reliable, measurable, and realistic. I will imply my plan to meet upcoming objective as leaders continuously address my progress by using the comprehensive plan as a structure. In addition, I observed that a transformational leadership tends to concentrate on the culture along with learning experience of persons. The major objective of transferring the priorities of team members is to inspire them to act beyond the expectations of organization or leader. I observed that transactional leadership can support to take a decision in oppose to the transfer of reward for compliance. The transactional leadership helps to take an effective decision about the performance of the individual. It permitted the leader to reward the individual accordance to the performance of team member (Ciulla, 2014).In addition, I also analyzed that a tutor can expect same to the student. In case, a student perform better in the classroom then they will be rewarded otherwise the student will be punished (Johnson, 2017). At the same time, I also analyzed that both of such leadership styles are imperative in my occupation and imply as long as possible. I analyzed that transformational lea ders seek a different style of working (Dinh, et al., 2014). During the lecture, I strived to understand the theories and models of leadership as it concentrates on our capability to direct. The consistently learning about the leadership can permit to learn new thing and contribute their best in the community as well as within the team (Verba, 2015). I also analyzed that the knowledge of leadership can positive impact on the improvement of personality. I gained my understanding of conflict, leadership style, and power that will be effective to meet the goal of team or organization. I also analyzed that the motivation, accommodation, and communication can be effective in the use of transformational leadership. I observed that my strength direct to the logical leadership style and on behalf of my perception the transformational leadership style can be effective to access the individual. Through transformational leadership model, leaders provide different types of services to the employees or team members such as inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation (Frohlich, 2015). I compared my past and current leadership style to measure the difference. I observed that my communication was not good that create the conflict during the communication. I addressed that it was a big issue for me because it resists me to accomplish the specified task of company or team systematically. I also observed that lack of conflict management skills can also a direct impact on the obtained result. Before this class, I was not able to manage the conflict forced me to compromise everyplace. From this lecture, I gained my knowledge about the conflict management and also effectively deal with the unexpected situation. It can be evaluated that leader firstly focus on the group member afterward task but at the same time, a leader has a need to focus on b alancing between individual and task (Tschannen, et al., 2014).In the last of lecture, I completely learned about a balanced approach that will be supportive to improve my leadership skills and become an effective leader in future. Additionally, I observed that each lecture was supportive for me because I improved my personal as well as professional skills beyond my expectation. In the current period, I am capable to handle the people issues along with inspiring them by charisma and rapport. The leadership can be effective in every field for build the team and meet the specified task in less time and cost (Boin, et al., 2016). I strive to gain my knowledge about the capability to lead classes, each team member to meet the common objective at hand. In the group, the aim is to gain learning the materials as is directed by values. I needed to control my time and resources in the management of workplace environment to meet the common goal. As a lender, I tried to bring the organized group due to making robust relationship among team members along with meet the specified goal in the boundaries of organization or team. I also learned that a leader can be accountable for success and failure of any team. Due to this, I will effectively instruct the team and always remember on my short comings. I observed that as a leader confidence and organizational skills can be imperative to meet the task systematically. I also analyzed that daily plan can also be imperative to attain the task. For this, I observed that, in case, a leader make an effective vision to attain the feasible result. I gained my knowledge of the methods that can be effective to easily influence a large number of people in less time and cost. I also gain my knowledge about the self-awareness tools and techniques that will be required to evaluate our personality. Myers-Brigs Type Indicator is an important tool of self-awareness (Chhokar, et al., 2013). Myers-Brigs Type Indicator is self-awareness tool that is based on the approach offered by Carl Jung on behalf of some elements such as feeling, sensation, thoughts, and intuition. This tool is supportive to address the ways by which a person makes a perception about other (Cashman, 2017). Strengths and parts for development During the lecture, I learned about the ways to analyze my personality systematically that was supportive for me to understand good future as well as the weakness of my personality, Additionally, I learned that self-awareness can help to define our personality, dislike and likes, and weakness and strength. The self-awareness can support to recognize at the time of under pressure and stress (Rock, 2014). Moreover, the self-awareness inspires team member as well as a leader to effectively communicate and make a robust interpersonal relation (Miner, 2015). In addition, I also learned about the competencies in an organization or group. It can be significant to improve my human, technical, business, and personal traits of people Green, 2017).This section determines that technical skills are a direct impact on the occupation of people (Northouse, 2017). Along with this, human skills are connected with interaction to individual and personal characteristics are associated with the people, self-esteem, intellectual capacity, and outcome orientation (Grohar, et al., 2016). I also learned that the business skills are associated with the business skills and commercial knowledge. I created my knowledge regarding the values that define the individual capabilities are important as individual live their lives. SWOT analysis can be used to analyze the internal characteristics of a person due to improving the personality and mitigate the weakness systematically. I learned about two kinds of leadership problems e.g. improve the emotional intelligence and pronunciation issues that are discovered from the self-awareness techniques. The leadership skills needed to be improved: explain the thought with actual pronunciation and developing emotional intelligence (Day, et al., 2014). Suggestions of cultural and social background on leadership style I gained my knowledge about different religious, cultural ground, and family to influence the other and also meet the specified task without any conflict. From the lecture, I understood that a team member should gain their knowledge about the leadership styles, communication ways, and way of presentation due to avoiding the misunderstanding issues within the group. Additionally, I also analyzed that knowledge about such cultural elements can enable the team member to meet the task of an organization in less time and cost. I also learned that a leader can assist the team member to communicate with each other without biases of cultural difference. I also observed that each individual of the group can be different leadership style that can be adopted on behalf of their education and genetic personality. I also analyzed that a hierarchy structure can be effective in an organization due to each level of member involvement in the decision making. In addition, I observed that an effective l eader cannot be known by any possession they are identified by their work. An effective leader can be capable to inspire other as well as communicating in an effective manner (Cameron, et al., 2014). I also analyzed that a leader can also be capable to eliminate the communication barrier to fosters cooperation and attain the competitive benefit. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that a leader should be aware of the leadership style because of motivating a large number of people in less time and cost. It can also be summarized that the knowledge about the values can also be crucial to attain the objective of an organization. Finally, it can be concluded that MBIT and Swot analysis can be appropriate self-awareness tool that will support to analyze the own behavior of the individual. References Boin, A., Stern, E., Sundelius, B. (2016)The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure,USA: Cambridge University Press. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., Thakor, A. V. (2014)Competing values leadership,USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Cashman, K. (2017)Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life, USA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013)Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies,UK: Routledge. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014)Ethics, the heart of leadership, USA: ABC-CLIO. Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., McKee, R. A. (2014) Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25years of research and theory,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp. 63-82. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014) Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives,The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J. A. (2015)Political leadership and collective goods, USA: Princeton University Press. Green, R. L. (2017) The four dimensions of principal leadership: A framework for leading 21st-century schools,USA: Pearson. Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R., Langan, J. C. (2016) Leadership and management in nursing, USA: Pearson. Johnson, C. E. (2017)Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow, USA: Sage Publications. Klenke, K. (Ed.). (2016)Qualitative research in the study of leadership, USA: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015)Leadership: Theory, application, skill development, USA: Nelson Education. Miner, J. B. (2015)Organizational Behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. UK: Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2017)Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice, USA: Sage Publications. Rock, D. (2014)Quiet leadership, USA: HarperCollins e-books. Sanders, J. O. (2017)Spiritual leadership: Principles of excellence for every believer,USA: Moody Publishers. Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016)Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas,USA: Routledge. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014) Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools, USA: John Wiley Sons. Verba, S. (2015)Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership, USA: Princeton University Press.